sau:
+ cụm
hiện
tại phân từ
V-ing (present participle phrase) mang nghĩa chủ
động
+ cụm quá khứ phân từ V-ed/V3
(past participle phrase) mang nghĩa bị động
People who travel into the city every day are used to the traffic jam.
→ People travelling into the city every day are used to the traffic jam.
The song which was written by my uncle has become famous.
→ The song written by my uncle has become famous.
Mệnh đề quan hệ có thế rút gọn thành ngữ danh từ đồng vị (apposition).
Oak, which is one of the most durable hard woods, is often used to make furniture.
→ Oak, one of the most durable hard woods, is often used to make furniture.
Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể rút gọn thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (to-infinitive
